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THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IS ON THE RISE IN NIGERIA, THE CAUSE, PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

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11 Dec, 2024 by MLS NNEKA EZENETO

THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IS ON THE RISE IN NIGERIA, THE CAUSE, PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IS ON THE RISE IN NIGERIA, THE CAUSE, PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT.

What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) also called chronic kidney failure involves a gradual loss of kidney functions. Your kidney filters wastes and excess fluids from your blood which are removed in your urine.
Advanced CKD can cause dangerous levels of fluids, electrolytes and wastes to build up in your body. In the early stage of CKD, you might have few signs or symptoms, you might not realize that you have kidney disease until the condition is advanced.

THE CAUSES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE?

The most common cause of CKD in Nigeria includes.

  Type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

  High blood pressure.

  Glomerulonephritis: (An inflammation of the kidney's filtering units)

  Intestinal nephritis: an inflammation of kidney tubules and surrounding structures.

  Polycystic kidney disease or other inherited kidney diseases.

  Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract from conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers.

  Versicollretral rejeux: a condition that causes urine to pack up into your kidney.

  Recurrent kidney infection also known as pyelonephritis.

THE PREVALENCE OF CKD IN NIGERIA

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem involving about 10% of global population. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally and is one of the non-communicable disease associated with increase in mortality.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Nigeria is about 1.6% to 12.4%. 90% of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are said to die within 3months of commencing dialysis. Indices are even worse in resource poor country like Nigeria where prevention and adequate intervention are usually hampered by funds and ignorance. In region like Nigeria, it will be cheaper to prevent CKD than treating its complications.
Hence it is important to identify the common etiologies of CKD in Nigeria and prevent or promptly address them before causing irreversible damage to the kidneys.

RISK FACTORS OF CKD

Factors that can increase your risk of chronic kidney disease includes:

  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • High blood pressure
  • Heart diseases (cardiovascular disease)
  • Smoking
  • Family history of kidney diseases
  • Abnormal kidney structures
  • Older age
  • Frequent use of medications that can damage the kidneys

THE DIAGNOSIS OF CKD

Blood Tests:

  • Electrolytes Urea and Creatinine (E/U/C/R), the test measures the level of a waste product called creatinine in your blood.
  • estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
  • Albumin

Urine Tests:

  • Urinalysis
  • Albumin and creatinine ratio (ACR)
  • GFR

Ultrasound scan
MRI scan or CT scan
Kidney biopsy

THE STAGES OF CKD

Test results can be used to determine how damaged your kidneys are, known as the stage of CKD eGFR results are given as a stage from 1-5

  • Stage 1 (G1): a normal eGFR above 90ml/min, but other test have detected signs of kidney damage.
  • Stage 2 (G2): a slightly reduced eGFR of 60 to 89ml/min, with other signs of kidney damage.
  • Stage 3a (G3a): an eGFR of 45-59ml/min.
  • Stage 3b (G3b): an eGFR of 30-44ml/min.
  • Stage 4(G4): an eGFR of 15-29ml/min.
  • Stage 5(G5): an eGFR below 15ml/min.

Meaning the kidney has lost almost all their functions. ACR result is given as a stage 1-3

  • A1- an ACR of less than 3mg/mmol
  • A2-an ACR of 3 to 30mg/mmol
  • A3-an ACR of more than 30mg/mmol

For both eGFR and ACR, a higher stage indicates more severe kidney disease

MANAGEMENT OF CKD

The sooner you know you have kidney disease the better. The steps you take to protect your kidney from damage also may prevent heart disease and improve health over all.

  • Control your blood pressure.
  • Meet your blood glucose goal if you have diabetes.
  • Stop smoking.
  • Get enough rest.
  • Work with your health care team to monitor your kidney health.
  • Take medications as prescribed.
  • Make physical activity part of your routine.
  • Work with dietitian to develop a meal plan.
  • Find health ways to cope with stress and depression.
  • Aim for a healthy weight.

THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IS ON THE RISE IN NIGERIA, THE CAUSE, PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT.

What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) also called chronic kidney failure involves a gradual loss of kidney functions. Your kidney filters wastes and excess fluids from your blood which are removed in your urine.
Advanced CKD can cause dangerous levels of fluids, electrolytes and wastes to build up in your body. In the early stage of CKD, you might have few signs or symptoms, you might not realize that you have kidney disease until the condition is advanced.

THE CAUSES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE?

The most common cause of CKD in Nigeria includes.

  Type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

  High blood pressure.

  Glomerulonephritis: (An inflammation of the kidney's filtering units)

  Intestinal nephritis: an inflammation of kidney tubules and surrounding structures.

  Polycystic kidney disease or other inherited kidney diseases.

  Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract from conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers.

  Versicollretral rejeux: a condition that causes urine to pack up into your kidney.

  Recurrent kidney infection also known as pyelonephritis.

THE PREVALENCE OF CKD IN NIGERIA

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem involving about 10% of global population. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally and is one of the non-communicable disease associated with increase in mortality.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Nigeria is about 1.6% to 12.4%. 90% of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are said to die within 3months of commencing dialysis. Indices are even worse in resource poor country like Nigeria where prevention and adequate intervention are usually hampered by funds and ignorance. In region like Nigeria, it will be cheaper to prevent CKD than treating its complications.
Hence it is important to identify the common etiologies of CKD in Nigeria and prevent or promptly address them before causing irreversible damage to the kidneys.

RISK FACTORS OF CKD

Factors that can increase your risk of chronic kidney disease includes:

  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • High blood pressure
  • Heart diseases (cardiovascular disease)
  • Smoking
  • Family history of kidney diseases
  • Abnormal kidney structures
  • Older age
  • Frequent use of medications that can damage the kidneys

THE DIAGNOSIS OF CKD

Blood Tests:

  • Electrolytes Urea and Creatinine (E/U/C/R), the test measures the level of a waste product called creatinine in your blood.
  • estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
  • Albumin

Urine Tests:

  • Urinalysis
  • Albumin and creatinine ratio (ACR)
  • GFR

Ultrasound scan
MRI scan or CT scan
Kidney biopsy

THE STAGES OF CKD

Test results can be used to determine how damaged your kidneys are, known as the stage of CKD eGFR results are given as a stage from 1-5

  • Stage 1 (G1): a normal eGFR above 90ml/min, but other test have detected signs of kidney damage.
  • Stage 2 (G2): a slightly reduced eGFR of 60 to 89ml/min, with other signs of kidney damage.
  • Stage 3a (G3a): an eGFR of 45-59ml/min.
  • Stage 3b (G3b): an eGFR of 30-44ml/min.
  • Stage 4(G4): an eGFR of 15-29ml/min.
  • Stage 5(G5): an eGFR below 15ml/min.

Meaning the kidney has lost almost all their functions. ACR result is given as a stage 1-3

  • A1- an ACR of less than 3mg/mmol
  • A2-an ACR of 3 to 30mg/mmol
  • A3-an ACR of more than 30mg/mmol

For both eGFR and ACR, a higher stage indicates more severe kidney disease

MANAGEMENT OF CKD

The sooner you know you have kidney disease the better. The steps you take to protect your kidney from damage also may prevent heart disease and improve health over all.

  • Control your blood pressure.
  • Meet your blood glucose goal if you have diabetes.
  • Stop smoking.
  • Get enough rest.
  • Work with your health care team to monitor your kidney health.
  • Take medications as prescribed.
  • Make physical activity part of your routine.
  • Work with dietitian to develop a meal plan.
  • Find health ways to cope with stress and depression.
  • Aim for a healthy weight.

THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IS ON THE RISE IN NIGERIA, THE CAUSE, PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT.

What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) also called chronic kidney failure involves a gradual loss of kidney functions. Your kidney filters wastes and excess fluids from your blood which are removed in your urine.
Advanced CKD can cause dangerous levels of fluids, electrolytes and wastes to build up in your body. In the early stage of CKD, you might have few signs or symptoms, you might not realize that you have kidney disease until the condition is advanced.

THE CAUSES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE?

The most common cause of CKD in Nigeria includes.

  Type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

  High blood pressure.

  Glomerulonephritis: (An inflammation of the kidney's filtering units)

  Intestinal nephritis: an inflammation of kidney tubules and surrounding structures.

  Polycystic kidney disease or other inherited kidney diseases.

  Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract from conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers.

  Versicollretral rejeux: a condition that causes urine to pack up into your kidney.

  Recurrent kidney infection also known as pyelonephritis.

THE PREVALENCE OF CKD IN NIGERIA

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem involving about 10% of global population. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally and is one of the non-communicable disease associated with increase in mortality.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Nigeria is about 1.6% to 12.4%. 90% of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are said to die within 3months of commencing dialysis. Indices are even worse in resource poor country like Nigeria where prevention and adequate intervention are usually hampered by funds and ignorance. In region like Nigeria, it will be cheaper to prevent CKD than treating its complications.
Hence it is important to identify the common etiologies of CKD in Nigeria and prevent or promptly address them before causing irreversible damage to the kidneys.

RISK FACTORS OF CKD

Factors that can increase your risk of chronic kidney disease includes:

  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • High blood pressure
  • Heart diseases (cardiovascular disease)
  • Smoking
  • Family history of kidney diseases
  • Abnormal kidney structures
  • Older age
  • Frequent use of medications that can damage the kidneys

THE DIAGNOSIS OF CKD

Blood Tests:

  • Electrolytes Urea and Creatinine (E/U/C/R), the test measures the level of a waste product called creatinine in your blood.
  • estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
  • Albumin

Urine Tests:

  • Urinalysis
  • Albumin and creatinine ratio (ACR)
  • GFR

Ultrasound scan
MRI scan or CT scan
Kidney biopsy

THE STAGES OF CKD

Test results can be used to determine how damaged your kidneys are, known as the stage of CKD eGFR results are given as a stage from 1-5

  • Stage 1 (G1): a normal eGFR above 90ml/min, but other test have detected signs of kidney damage.
  • Stage 2 (G2): a slightly reduced eGFR of 60 to 89ml/min, with other signs of kidney damage.
  • Stage 3a (G3a): an eGFR of 45-59ml/min.
  • Stage 3b (G3b): an eGFR of 30-44ml/min.
  • Stage 4(G4): an eGFR of 15-29ml/min.
  • Stage 5(G5): an eGFR below 15ml/min.

Meaning the kidney has lost almost all their functions. ACR result is given as a stage 1-3

  • A1- an ACR of less than 3mg/mmol
  • A2-an ACR of 3 to 30mg/mmol
  • A3-an ACR of more than 30mg/mmol

For both eGFR and ACR, a higher stage indicates more severe kidney disease

MANAGEMENT OF CKD

The sooner you know you have kidney disease the better. The steps you take to protect your kidney from damage also may prevent heart disease and improve health over all.

  • Control your blood pressure.
  • Meet your blood glucose goal if you have diabetes.
  • Stop smoking.
  • Get enough rest.
  • Work with your health care team to monitor your kidney health.
  • Take medications as prescribed.
  • Make physical activity part of your routine.
  • Work with dietitian to develop a meal plan.
  • Find health ways to cope with stress and depression.
  • Aim for a healthy weight.

 

 

At Pioneer Medical Diagnostic Clinic, we are dedicated to providing accurate and reliable diagnostic testing to support patient care. With state-of-the-art technology and a team of experienced professionals, we offer a comprehensive range of medical diagnostic services, ensuring timely and precise results.
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